What is methodology


Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. Typically, it encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model, phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques.
A methodology does not set out to provide solutions—it is therefore, not the same as a method. Instead, a methodology offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding which method, set of methods, or [best practice]s can be applied to a specific case, for example, to calculate a specific result.
It has been defined also as follows:
  1. "the analysis of the principles of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a discipline";
  2. "the systematic study of methods that are, can be, or have been applied within a discipline";
  3. "the study or description of methods".

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Methodology vs technique and tool

A true methodology addresses the effectiveness side of the equation (Who, What, When, Where, Why), and a technique addresses the efficiency side (How to). Whereas a methodology defines the work environment, the technique defines how the work is to be performed. The two are obviously complementary and one does not eliminate the need for the other. But comparing one with another is like comparing apples with oranges, they are simply not the same.

Tools implement techniques. Tools provide mechanical leverage for performing a specific task. In this sense, it is an extension of a technique, and like the technique, tools must be deployed at the proper locations along the Assembly Line. This is the reason why many software engineering tools are failing; not because they are bad tools, but simply because companies have not defined their Assembly Lines (methodologies) and haven't specified when the techniques and tools are to be used - it.toolbox